The scholarships in the 1900 Battalions From the sources found in the archives of Mariano Acosta, is of interest to us as it worked to rebuild the granting of scholarships for 1900, to investigate the regulation and tracking a source to comment as granted in everyday life. In turn, compare the amount of grants in relation to teachers' salaries and wages of those years and see what was the purchasing power of that amount by a short analysis of the cost of living at the time.
first submit the sources I got the file that led to other work:
Letter of January 7, 1908 Mr. Director of the Normal School of the Capital where the undersigned request that the settlement of scholarships until December 31, as not being of the capital resources needed to move to susprovincias
Frigerio Clemente Charter to the Minister of Public Instruction which raises the request made by several students of 6th year asking that they are paid a scholarship of the month last December. Answer
Ministry of Education of Argentina:
"considering the reasons underlying the present application and attentive as reported by the direction of the normal school teachers from the capital is resolved:
That is settled until the month December inclusive the amount of scholarships for students who completed their studies in late November tests
Charter (...)" a group of students applying to the Minister of Public Instruction, through the Director of the Normal School to be prolonged scholarships for January and February 1910, arguing that they were included in the budget and that just would be granted on 1 March also claim travel expenses to their home provinces.
Letter to Minister of Education that accompanies and enhances the students' written request by the Directorate.
Charter schools inspector general's O. Maldonado giving his opinion favorable to the request of Mr. E.
students Valerio tells the ministry taking into account the report of the inspection then place the order
The Minister makes room the request of students
Rules about scholarships:
The laws regulating the granting of the scholarships were:
• Law 1420 (regular education in the capital, national territories and colonies) enacted on 08/07/1884 , which we can cite chapter V, (common treasury of the schools. Permanent School Fund):
"Art 47 .- The National Treasury will pay for scholarships and other educational expenses of students who engaged in the career of teaching in the colleges of the capital, or to be established within national territories.
(...)
57 .- The powers and duties of the National Council of Education:
2. Monitor teaching colleges Capital, national territories and colonies, to propose the appointment or renewal of his personal and granting or revocation of grants to the Ministry of Education. "
• The Law of the Province of Buenos Aires, enacted on July 30, 1874:
Article 1 - will be borne by the Treasury of the province one hundred and fifty students men and women who want to join normal schools established in the capital, to follow relevant courses and pursue a career teacher in the common schools of the province.
Section 2 - Each of the student teachers will receive free books and supplies education, maintenance and clothing or a monthly pension for these objects (...)
Article 3 - allocate the amount of sixty thousand pesos monthly currency, for the expenses referred to in the preceding article.
Art 4 - Everyone who gets a place of student teacher will be required to devote four years to teach in any school in the province, after they have finished their studies.
• Regulations for the Normal School for Teachers of the Province of Buenos Aires, which also regulates on the award of grants (Art. 5, 6, 7 and 8), being relevant Article 5: "Each student teacher receive a monthly subsidy of three hundred fifty pesos currency to be delivered by the treasurer of the Administrative Committee to parents or guardians "
To compare the text of the law to everyday life, we must turn to the source of Valentine Mestroni, who, in his memoir, "The teachers I ever had" (Ed. Plus Ultra 1965), makes mention of recommendations for the development of scholarship and arrears thereof.
For 1900, each province had two $ 50 scholarships which were awarded to two students in them having obtained the title of "Maestro Normal", came to capital improve your diploma and get the "Professor
Normal." For their part, students received a capital grant was worth $ 30.
As to how to obtain the grant, Mestroni notes:
For scholarships were awarded to a student of the interior, it must have outstanding conditions, or otherwise required the "intervention" of any senator or deputy to the Minister of Public Instruction's Office. Capital were granted to those who knew someone close to the Minister, and for that on the principal proposed candidates.
teacher salary and salary workers: Regarding the second point to be treated in this picture you can see some data from the time that account for the wage of a bricklayer and a pawn of the police between 1903 and 1912, just to have a benchmark for comparison with amount of scholarships awarded:
To reference the salary of a teacher at the time :
"In 1897, as Budget Act of the Province of Buenos Aires, the teacher for 4th title. Degree or less charged $ 135 per month and no entitled to the same charge, $ 90. In the case of senior teacher for 6th.
Grade undirected was $ 165 and not titled the same charge was $ 105 " (data from Directorate General of Schools, 1897).
"By law Budget Nation, 1912, Annex E, paragraph 11, item 34 is created Normal School Nacional de Quilmes.
April 23, 1912, the National Education Council for record 4380, letter L, appoints the teachers.
was allocated $ 5000 for installation costs and payment of staff. The salary of teachers would be $ 180 and the Director $ 300. Also, be granted scholarships of $ 25 "
In this source can be seen the amount of other scholarships, in this case Normal School of Quilmes, and the salary of teachers in 1912, to note that between 1897 and 1912 did not change too much the pay scale.
may draw the conclusion that a worker's wage was just over the subsidy given to students in the interior, which should not keep family, even if afford a home.
To get an idea for reaching the money, we must move to the next section.
teaching work among the vocation and the market: the new rules
Alejandra Birgin
Cost of Living:
For this section we will resort to two sources, first there were some data from a Web page:
"In 1908 the National Department of Labour initiated studies on the labor budget. (...)
Some examples:
Workers with a wife and two children
works 25 days a month, earning a wage of $ 4, its monthly income would therefore $ 100.
Their expenses are: rent (one bedroom) $ 22; market, at $ 0.50 per day: $ 15; bread, 1 1 / 2 kg, to $ 0.18, $ 8.10; store, $ 0 , 65 day: 19.50; milk daily pint: $ 2.25, coal, two sheets of $ 1.20: $ 2.40; washing two bars of soap, $ 1; tram: $ 2.50, costs more: $ 10 . Total: $ 82.75. Credit Balance: $ 17.25.
(...)
offered
calculations were made by the division cited in 1908. In 1912 the situation had not improved. Take two examples in the foundry industry. She brought together many workers in Buenos Aires. A smelter official earning $ 4 to $ 4.50 per day.
Married with seven children
:
(...)
monthly detailed expenses of the family:
For two pieces of wood with little comfort: $ 45.00 .-, warehouse costs: $ 48.00 .-, 3 Kg. of bread per day: $ 19.00 .-, milk costs: $ 10.08 .-, meat and vegetables: $ 22.00 .- Coal: $ 4.50 .-, wear underwear and outerwear for the whole family: $ 25.00 .-, barber costs: $ 2.00 .-, tram costs: $ 6.00 .-, for contributions societies, mutual aid, political, union, $ 2.80 .-, subscription to the journal: $ 1.20 .-. Total: $ 185.58. "
access to housing, a problem in the Buenos Aires of the day:
"The increase in wages between 1904 and 1911 did not keep the proportion of the cost of rents. A $ 4 daily wage, average wage for skilled workers in 1904, was for $ 5.50 in 1911, is meant to increase proportionally produced 37.5%. Renting a room was, on average, $ 15 to $ 20 in 1904 and in 1911 had increased on average 100%. As for the houses reached, in most cases almost prohibitive prices for the workers. "
Change in other prices:
"With regard to the increase in consumer goods, frequent fluctuations experienced, sometimes with a range of days, difficult to study very long periods but can be made about some comparisons. Beef, for example, whose price in 1904 was, according to quality, from $ 0.18 to $ 0.40 a pound, cost in the same ratio, $ 0.25 to $ 0.80 in 1911. Second bread, consumed by poor families, from $ 0.12 to $ 0.15, had risen to $ 0.20, to $ 0.22. Potatoes, which cost $ 0.05 to $ 0.10, had raised its price to $ 0.20. Beans, for a price between $ 0.15 to $ 0.25, cost $ 0.45 in 1911, the rice, $ 0, 13 in 1904, was $ 0.15 in 1911, and other items. "
The other source that provides some data on the cost of living is the aforementioned book V. Mestroni, here are some data I could gather:
$ 0.10 trolley ride ; haircut or shave , cigarettes depending on the quality: $ 0.05 $ 0.10 $ 0.15; water (measure) $ 0.04 ; pan criollo or grease pan 2 x $ 0.05; fat cakes $ 0.01 each.
p. 138
Conclusion:
Taking
consider some of the data on the cost of living, can be seen that the biggest drawback for students was to afford the price of a rental, which cost him about half of the grant obtained, but with those scholarships the student could live modestly without having to request assistance from their families.
